To find the number for which ninety percent equals 45, you can set up the equation:
\[ 0.9 \times x = 45 \]
where \( x \) is the unknown number. To solve for \( x \), divide both sides of the equation by 0.9:
\[ x = \frac{45}{0.9} \]
Calculating that gives:
\[ x = 50 \]
Therefore, ninety percent of 50 is 45. Thus, the number is 50.