To solve the equation \( 5x - 1 = -31 \), follow these steps:
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Add 1 to both sides of the equation to isolate the term containing \( x \): \[ 5x - 1 + 1 = -31 + 1 \] Simplifying this gives: \[ 5x = -30 \]
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Now, divide both sides by 5 to solve for \( x \): \[ x = \frac{-30}{5} \] Simplifying this gives: \[ x = -6 \]
Thus, the solution is \( x = -6 \).