A) How did the study of the atom contribute to our understanding of the periodic table of the

Question

elements? (1 point)
The determination of electron charge led to an understanding of how atoms interact with one
another, which facilitated the organization of the periodic table.
Experiments that identified characteristics of atoms provided scientists with atomic weights and
atomic numbers, which were used to organize the periodic table.
Atoms are representative of elements, so scientists scaled up atomic characteristics to understand
elemental characteristics, allowing scientists to arrange elements in a periodic table.
Elements are made of atoms, so understanding atoms provided information about elements, which
led to the organization of the periodic table.
A) Hydrogen is in Group 1 of the periodic table. Which kind of bond would form between two
hydrogens? (1 point)
An ionic bond would form because both atoms are nonmetals.
A covalent bond would form because the electron would be shared so both hydrogens have a full,
stable shell.
An ionic bond would form because one hydrogen would transfer its valence electron to the other
hydrogen to make a full shell.
A metallic bond would form because both atoms are metals.

Answer 1

A) The option that best explains how the study of the atom contributed to our understanding of the periodic table of elements is:

"Experiments that identified characteristics of atoms provided scientists with atomic weights and atomic numbers, which were used to organize the periodic table."

This statement highlights the importance of understanding atomic structure in organizing elements in the periodic table based on their properties.

B) Regarding hydrogen and the type of bond that would form between two hydrogens, the correct answer is:

"A covalent bond would form because the electron would be shared so both hydrogens have a full, stable shell."

This is accurate because hydrogen atoms each have one electron and they achieve a stable configuration by sharing their electrons to form a covalent bond (H₂).

Answer 2

Which of the following elements are most likely to form an ionic bond?
(1 point)
S and Cl
K and Cl
C and O
K and Ca

Answer 3

The pair of elements that are most likely to form an ionic bond is:

K and Cl

Potassium (K) is an alkali metal that tends to lose one electron, and chlorine (Cl) is a halogen that tends to gain one electron. This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of an ionic bond between them.

Answer 4

A) A person is drinking a glass of soda with ice. Which option describes the relative kinetic energy
of molecules in and above the soda in the glass? (1 point)
in: least energy
above: greatest energy
in: least and intermediate energy
above: greatest energy
in: least energy
above: intermediate and greatest energy
in: greatest energy
above: least energy
A) In an experiment involving a balloon, a scientist notices that the gas particles within the balloon
begin to move faster, resulting in the balloon expanding. Which statement best describes the
experiment? (1 point)
The scientist is investigating Charles’s law, which shows that temperature and volume are inversely
proportional.
The scientist is investigating Boyle’s law, which shows that pressure and volume are inversely
proportional.
The scientist is investigating Boyle’s law, which shows that pressure and volume are directly
proportional.
The scientist is investigating Charles’s law, which shows that temperature and volume are directly
proportional.

Answer 5

A) The option that best describes the relative kinetic energy of molecules in and above the soda in the glass is:

in: least energy
above: greatest energy

In a glass of soda with ice, the molecules in the soda (especially around the ice) have lower kinetic energy due to the lower temperature compared to the air above the soda, where the molecules have more kinetic energy due to a higher temperature.

B) The statement that best describes the experiment with the balloon is:

The scientist is investigating Charles’s law, which shows that temperature and volume are directly proportional.

According to Charles's law, when the temperature of a gas increases, the volume also increases, provided the pressure remains constant. The observation of gas particles moving faster and the balloon expanding aligns with this concept.

Answer 6

A) Which example accurately describes a solution? (1 point)
Nonpolar oil molecules dissolve in water, which is polar.
Nonpolar fat molecules dissolve in water, which is polar.
Polar sugar molecules dissolve in water, which is polar.
Polar sugar molecules dissolve in oil, which is nonpolar.
A) How do temperature changes lead to solubility changes for salt dissolved in water? (1 point)
High temperatures mean more of the salt will be in the liquid form as it gradually melts, increasing
solubility.
High temperatures mean that sodium and chlorine ions will be moving faster, increasing the odds
that they will collide and combine. This reduces solubility.
High temperatures mean more kinetic energy, which keeps sodium and chlorine ions from
combining, which increases solubility.
High temperatures mean more of the salt will be in the gas form, causing it to evaporate out of the
solution, decreasing solubility.
Question 9
A) Which statement best describes a weak base? (1 point)
It donates protons and completely dissociates in water.
It accepts protons and completely dissociates in water.
It donates protons and only partially dissociates in water.
It accepts protons and only partially dissociates in water.

Answer 7

A) The example that accurately describes a solution is:

Polar sugar molecules dissolve in water, which is polar.

This is a valid example of a solution because both sugar and water are polar substances, allowing the sugar molecules to interact with and dissolve in water.

B) The correct statement about how temperature changes lead to solubility changes for salt dissolved in water is:

High temperatures mean that sodium and chlorine ions will be moving faster, increasing the odds that they will collide and combine. This reduces solubility.

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the ions increases, and while this does lead to more collisions, in the context of salt dissolving in water, higher temperatures generally increase solubility for most salts, allowing more salt to dissolve until saturation is reached.

C) The statement that best describes a weak base is:

It accepts protons and only partially dissociates in water.

A weak base does not fully dissociate in solution, and it primarily accepts protons (H⁺ ions) from the solution, leading to a less pronounced effect on the pH compared to strong bases.