To determine which equations represent non-proportional relationships, we can look for the presence of a constant term (other than zero) in the equations. Non-proportional relationships cannot be expressed in the form \( y = kx \), where \( k \) is a constant.
Here are the equations you provided:
- \( y = 23x \) - Proportional
- \( y = \frac{2}{3} x \) - Proportional
- \( y = x^2 \) - Non-proportional (this is a quadratic relationship)
- \( y = \frac{5}{x} - 9 \) - Non-proportional (this involves a variable in the denominator and a constant)
- \( y = -15x \) - Proportional
- \( y = 10x + 10 \) - Non-proportional (due to the constant term +10)
From this analysis, the three equations that represent non-proportional relationships are:
- \( y = x^2 \)
- \( y = \frac{5}{x} - 9 \)
- \( y = 10x + 10 \)
Thus, the answers are \( y = x^2 \), \( y = \frac{5}{x} - 9 \), and \( y = 10x + 10 \).