China’s Chairman Mao Zedong is primarily known for creating the People’s Republic of China and implementing the Cultural Revolution. He was a key figure in the founding of the state in 1949 and led various campaigns aimed at consolidating communist ideology, including the Cultural Revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976. While he played a significant role during the Second Sino-Japanese War (part of World War II) and led the Communist government, he is not primarily recognized for encouraging students to protest for democracy in Tiananmen Square, which occurred in 1989 long after his death, nor for modernizing China’s economy, which was primarily carried out by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and 1980s.
Thus, the correct answer is: Creating the People’s Republic of China and implementing the Cultural Revolution.
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