To correctly match the Renaissance scientists with their achievements, we can reference historical knowledge:
- Leonardo da Vinci: Created plans for flying and underwater devices.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed that the sun was the center of the universe (heliocentric theory).
- Tycho Brahe: Established an astronomical observatory to track the movement of the stars and planets.
- Johannes Kepler: Calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun.
- Galileo Galilei: Invented an astronomical telescope to observe the moon.
Based on this information, the correct chart describing the scientists and their achievements is:
Renaissance Scientists:
- Leonardo da Vinci: Created plans for flying and underwater devices.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed that the sun was the center of the universe.
- Tycho Brahe: Established an astronomical observatory to track the movement of the stars and planets.
- Johannes Kepler: Calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun.
- Galileo Galilei: Invented an astronomical telescope to observe the moon.
This summary matches the fourth option in the original question.