rewrite : The Church held substantial power in feudal Europe, with economic, political, and social influence, but its dominance was challenged during the Renaissance by the rise of nation-states and changing intellectual currents leading to the Reformation.

Answer 1

In feudal Europe, the Church wielded significant economic, political, and social power. However, during the Renaissance, its authority faced challenges from the emergence of nation-states and shifting intellectual movements that ultimately contributed to the Reformation.