The following options cause volcanic eruptions:
-
Pressure and heat built up in the magma chamber - This is a primary cause of volcanic eruptions as increased pressure can lead to the fracturing of rocks and the expulsion of magma.
-
Plate tectonics and subduction - Volcanic eruptions are often associated with tectonic plate movements, especially at subduction zones where one plate moves under another, leading to magma formation and subsequent eruptions.
-
Ground swelling and foreshocks - Ground swelling can indicate the movement of magma beneath the surface, and foreshocks may indicate that an eruption is imminent.
Foreshocks and aftershocks - While foreshocks can sometimes be associated with volcanic activity, they are more commonly linked to seismic activity related to earthquakes rather than being a direct cause of volcanic eruptions.
So the applicable answers are:
- Pressure and heat built up in the magma chamber
- Plate tectonics and subduction
- Ground swelling and foreshocks