The pitch of a sound is primarily determined by the frequency of the sound wave. Frequency refers to the number of vibrations or cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches.
Wavelength is related to frequency, as they are inversely connected (higher frequency means shorter wavelength, and vice versa). However, it is the frequency that directly determines the perceived pitch.
Decibels (dB) measure the intensity or loudness of a sound, not its pitch. So, while they are important for understanding sound, they do not determine pitch.
In summary, the frequency of a sound wave is what determines its pitch.