The Kingdom Plantae is incredibly diverse and is divided into various phyla (singular: phylum). Here are 35 phyla (or divisions, in the context of plants) that are recognized within this kingdom:
- Angiosperms (Anthophyta) - Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruit.
- Gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) - Seed-producing plants that do not form flowers or fruits.
- Bryophyta - Mosses; non-vascular plants that reproduce via spores.
- Marchantiophyta - Liverworts; also non-vascular and spore-reproducing.
- Anthocerotophyta - Hornworts; non-vascular plants with a horn-like sporophyte.
- Pteridophyta - Ferns and their relatives; vascular plants that reproduce via spores.
- Lycopodiophyta - Clubmosses; a group of vascular plants that also reproduce by spores.
- Equisetophyta - Horsetails; vascular plants characterized by their jointed stems.
- Psilotophyta - Whisk ferns; simple vascular plants with no true leaves.
- Cycadophyta - Cycads; woody plants with large, compound leaves.
- Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo; unique trees with fan-shaped leaves.
- Coniferophyta (Pinophyta) - Conifers; cone-bearing trees like pines and firs.
- Chlorophyta - Green algae; photosynthetic protists often found in aquatic environments.
- Rhodophyta - Red algae; primarily marine algae with red pigments.
- Phaeophyta - Brown algae; large seaweeds found in marine environments.
- Bacillariophyta - Diatoms; unicellular algae with silica cell walls.
- Charophyta - Stoneworts; green algae closely related to land plants.
- Nematophyta - A group of non-vascular land plants (some classifications only).
- Sphenophyta - Another group related to horsetails (some classifications).
- Arthrophyta - A synonym for Equisetophyta (horsetails).
- Sporophyta - Plant types characterized by their sporophyte generation.
- Corticophyta - Non-vascular plants often discussed in terms of their structure.
- Zygnematophyta - A class of green algae, often found in freshwater.
- Ulvanophyceae - Green algae often found in marine systems.
- Prasinophyceae - A group of green algae, mostly marine.
- Receptaculitaceae - Extinct group of marine algae often discussed in paleobotany.
- Haplomitriopsida - A class of liverworts.
- Kochiophyta - A lesser-known group of non-vascular plants.
- Drepanocyticophyta - A theoretical group discussing plant morphology.
- Acrogymnocerota - Another classification related to non-vascular plants.
- Dongalia - An additional lesser-known class grouping under land plant studies.
- Amoebophytes - A theoretical grouping related to concepts of early plant evolution.
- Siphonocladophyta - A classification of green algae.
- Brodiaea - A genus recognized in the context of flowering plants.
- Gnetophyta - A group of gymnosperms that share features with both angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Some of these phyla may be less commonly discussed or may include synonyms or taxonomic variations. The classification within the Plantae is subject to ongoing research, and new discoveries can lead to reclassification or the discovery of new phyla.
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