The following natural hazards can occur due to volcanic activity:
- tsunamis
- fires
- flooding
- earthquakes
- landslides and mudslides
All of these options are applicable, as volcanic eruptions can trigger various secondary hazards. For example, tsunamis can be generated by volcanic explosions or the collapse of volcanic islands, fires can result from lava flows or pyroclastic flows igniting vegetation, flooding can occur from the melting of snow and ice due to heat from lava, earthquakes are often associated with volcanic activity, and landslides and mudslides can be triggered by the destabilization of slopes from lava flows or ash deposits.