The connection between American Imperialism and American Democracy can be understood as a complex interplay where ideals and actions often diverged. American Democracy, grounded in principles of liberty and self-determination, promotes the idea that people should govern themselves. However, the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a surge in American Imperialism, characterized by the acquisition of overseas territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines following the Spanish-American War (1898). This period reflects a cause-and-effect relationship where the United States, under the guise of promoting democracy and civilization, sought to expand its influence and economic interests globally.
Key figures such as President Theodore Roosevelt and Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan advocated for a stronger naval presence and greater global involvement, framing imperial actions as beneficial for democracy. Still, this expansion often contradicted the very democratic ideals that the U.S. professed to uphold, leading to debates about the morality and legitimacy of such actions. The annexation of Hawaii and the contentious debate over the Philippines can be viewed as significant events illustrating the tension between these two concepts. Ultimately, while American Imperialism and American Democracy are distinct processes, they share themes of expansionism, power, and the paradox of promoting freedom through coercion.
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