Question
State of Matter
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Liquid to Gas
Increase
Increase
Liquid to Solid
Decrease
Decrease
Solid to Liquid
Solid to Gas
Gas to Liquid
Gas to Solid
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Liquid to Gas
Increase
Increase
Liquid to Solid
Decrease
Decrease
Solid to Liquid
Solid to Gas
Gas to Liquid
Gas to Solid
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Here's a summary of the changes in states of matter along with their associated kinetic energy and potential energy changes:
1. **Liquid to Gas (Vaporization)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
2. **Liquid to Solid (Freezing)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
3. **Solid to Liquid (Melting)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
4. **Solid to Gas (Sublimation)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
5. **Gas to Liquid (Condensation)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
6. **Gas to Solid (Deposition)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
The key takeaway is that transitions from a solid to a liquid or gas typically involve an increase in kinetic and potential energy, whereas transitions from gas to liquid or solid and from liquid to solid result in decreases in both forms of energy.
1. **Liquid to Gas (Vaporization)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
2. **Liquid to Solid (Freezing)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
3. **Solid to Liquid (Melting)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
4. **Solid to Gas (Sublimation)**
- Kinetic Energy: Increase
- Potential Energy: Increase
5. **Gas to Liquid (Condensation)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
6. **Gas to Solid (Deposition)**
- Kinetic Energy: Decrease
- Potential Energy: Decrease
The key takeaway is that transitions from a solid to a liquid or gas typically involve an increase in kinetic and potential energy, whereas transitions from gas to liquid or solid and from liquid to solid result in decreases in both forms of energy.
Answer
Sample Initial Temperature (°C) Final Temperature (°C) Amount of Ice Added (grams)
1 20.2 16.0 60
2 48.1 44.2 59.9
3 6.1 1.0 71.1
4 14.6 3.3 122.6
A student adds ice to several samples of water. The results are shown in the table. Which conclusion can be drawn from the results?
(1 point)
Responses
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases.
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases.
As the amount of ice added increases, the change in temperature increases.
As the amount of ice added increases, the change in temperature increases.
As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the sample increases.
As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the sample increases.
As the amount of ice added decreases, the temperature decreases.
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Based on the information provided in the table, the correct conclusion that can be drawn is:
**As the amount of ice added increases, the change in temperature increases.**
This conclusion can be inferred because in the samples listed, all have a decrease in temperature after ice was added, and larger amounts of ice tend to cause a greater drop in temperature due to the effect of the latent heat of fusion and the cooling effect of the melting ice.
The other options are not accurate based on the principles of thermodynamics:
- **As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases.** (This is incorrect; kinetic energy increases with temperature.)
- **As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the sample increases.** (This is also incorrect; kinetic energy decreases as the temperature decreases.)
- **As the amount of ice added decreases, the temperature decreases.** (This statement is misleading, as less ice would generally result in a smaller degree of temperature decrease.)
Thus, the first response aligns best with the observed data regarding the relationship between the amount of ice added and the change in temperature.
**As the amount of ice added increases, the change in temperature increases.**
This conclusion can be inferred because in the samples listed, all have a decrease in temperature after ice was added, and larger amounts of ice tend to cause a greater drop in temperature due to the effect of the latent heat of fusion and the cooling effect of the melting ice.
The other options are not accurate based on the principles of thermodynamics:
- **As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases.** (This is incorrect; kinetic energy increases with temperature.)
- **As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the sample increases.** (This is also incorrect; kinetic energy decreases as the temperature decreases.)
- **As the amount of ice added decreases, the temperature decreases.** (This statement is misleading, as less ice would generally result in a smaller degree of temperature decrease.)
Thus, the first response aligns best with the observed data regarding the relationship between the amount of ice added and the change in temperature.
Answer
A student conducts an investigation to show the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in one phase of matter. What would the graph of this relationship look like?(1 point)
Responses
an S-shaped curve
an S-shaped curve
a diagonal line
a diagonal line
a U-shaped curve
a U-shaped curve
a horizontal line
Responses
an S-shaped curve
an S-shaped curve
a diagonal line
a diagonal line
a U-shaped curve
a U-shaped curve
a horizontal line
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
The correct response to describe the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in one phase of matter would be:
**a diagonal line.**
In a given phase of matter (solid, liquid, or gas), as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is a direct relationship, which is typically represented as a straight diagonal line on a graph where temperature is plotted on one axis (usually the x-axis) and kinetic energy on the other axis (usually the y-axis).
Thus, the expected graph of the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy would depict a consistent upward trend, which corresponds to the concept that higher temperatures result in higher kinetic energy among the particles in that phase of matter.
**a diagonal line.**
In a given phase of matter (solid, liquid, or gas), as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is a direct relationship, which is typically represented as a straight diagonal line on a graph where temperature is plotted on one axis (usually the x-axis) and kinetic energy on the other axis (usually the y-axis).
Thus, the expected graph of the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy would depict a consistent upward trend, which corresponds to the concept that higher temperatures result in higher kinetic energy among the particles in that phase of matter.