The species you're describing is known as an invasive species. Invasive species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new environment, can proliferate rapidly due to the lack of natural predators, competitors, or other ecological checks that would normally regulate their population in their native habitats. Here are some examples of the species you've mentioned, along with a brief description of each:
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Lionfish (Pterois spp.): Originally from the Indo-Pacific region, lionfish have become a significant problem in the Western Atlantic and Caribbean ecosystems. They are highly adaptable and have few natural predators in these new environments, leading to rapid population growth and substantial impacts on local fish communities.
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Burmese Python (Python bivittatus): This large python species is native to Southeast Asia and has established a breeding population in the Florida Everglades. With few natural predators in the Everglades, they have expanded dramatically, preying on a wide range of native wildlife and contributing to declines in certain species.
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Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata): This fast-growing vine native to Asia was introduced to the United States for erosion control and as an ornamental plant. Without effective controls, kudzu has spread extensively across the southeastern U.S., overwhelming native plants and altering ecosystems.
Invasive species can pose serious threats to local biodiversity, economy, and ecosystems, and managing their populations is often challenging.