To determine which of the options was a major factor contributing to the problem addressed in the quotation, it would be helpful to know the context or subject of the quotation itself. However, based on common themes associated with urban issues, we can make some educated guesses.
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The sudden increase in property crimes could be related to economic factors, social issues, or desperation among the population living in poor conditions.
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The problem of sanitation in cities is typically related to public health and living conditions but may not directly connect to a quote unless it specifies health-related issues.
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The mass crowding of city and tenement buildings can lead to various social problems, including crime, health issues, and more, and is often a core factor in urban problems.
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The problem of monitoring pollution from urban tenements may not be as immediate a concern compared to other more visible and pressing issues like crime or sanitation.
Given these points, if the quotation relates to social problems, particularly crime, then the mass crowding of city and tenement buildings is likely the most significant contributing factor. If the context of the quotation is more about health or environmental issues, then sanitation or pollution might be more relevant.
Without the exact text of the quotation, it’s difficult to provide a definitive answer, but the mass crowding of city and tenement buildings would often be a fundamental issue in urban problems.