what is it called when an argument says that because thing are a like in one way they are a like in others

Answer 1

The type of argument you're referring to is known as a faulty analogy or false analogy. This fallacy occurs when an argument asserts that because two things are similar in one respect, they must be similar in other respects as well, without providing sufficient justification for those additional similarities. It's important to critically evaluate any analogies to ensure they are valid and relevant in the context of the argument being made.