Northern States were in favor of Hamilton's protective tariff on domestic industries primarily because it made goods produced in the north less expensive than imported goods.
The protective tariff was designed to protect burgeoning American industries from foreign competition, particularly British goods that were often cheaper due to their more established manufacturing base. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, the cost of these goods increased, making domestically produced goods more competitive in price. This helped to stimulate industrial growth in the North, where manufacturing was more concentrated, aligning with the interests of Northern manufacturers and laborers.
The other options, while they might have some relevance, do not capture the primary economic motivation behind the Northern support for such tariffs as effectively as the first option.