Question

Mutations Flow Chart
Mutations caused by?
Mutations type?

Answer 1

To create a flow chart for mutations, we can break it down into two main categories: causes of mutations and types of mutations. Below is a textual representation of how you might organize the information in a flow chart format.

### Mutations Flow Chart

1. **Mutations Caused By:**
- **Spontaneous Mutations:**
- Errors during DNA replication
- Natural chemical changes (e.g., deamination)
- **Induced Mutations:**
- **Chemical Agents:**
- Alkylating agents
- Intercalating agents
- Base analogs
- **Physical Agents:**
- Radiation (e.g., UV light, X-rays)
- Heat (thermal instability)
- **Biological Factors:**
- Viral infections
- Mobile genetic elements (transposons)

2. **Mutations Types:**
- **Point Mutations:**
- Silent (no change in protein)
- Missense (change in one amino acid)
- Nonsense (early stop codon)
- **Insertions:**
- Addition of one or more nucleotides
- **Deletions:**
- Removal of one or more nucleotides
- **Frameshift Mutations:**
- Caused by insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame
- **Copy Number Variations:**
- Duplications of longer stretches of DNA
- **Chromosomal Mutations:**
- Inversions (reversing a segment of DNA)
- Translocations (moving a segment to another chromosome)
- Aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes)

This organized structure helps visualize the flow of how mutations arise and the various types classified under them. If you want to create a visual flow chart, consider using shapes such as ovals for the main categories, rectangles for sub-categories, and arrows to show the relationships.