During James Monroe's presidency, the Supreme Court expanded the power of the federal government primarily through its rulings on economic regulation and the interpretation of the Constitution. The correct response from your options is:
It gave the federal government power to regulate the economy.
This was evident in cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), which reinforced the federal government’s authority over economic matters and the supremacy of federal laws over state laws.