The reaction you have provided is a single displacement (or single replacement) reaction. In this type of reaction, one element displaces another in a compound. Here, zinc (Zn) displaces copper (Cu) from copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), resulting in the formation of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and elemental copper (Cu).
The general form of a single displacement reaction can be represented as: \[ A + BC \rightarrow AC + B \] In your case: \[ \text{Zn} + \text{CuSO}_4 \rightarrow \text{ZnSO}_4 + \text{Cu} \]
This reaction also demonstrates the activity series of metals, where zinc is more reactive than copper, allowing it to displace copper from the sulfate compound.