To identify a good example of an index fossil, we look for a fossil that has a limited time range (appears in only one layer) but is found in multiple geographic areas (represented by multiple columns).
Based on the provided options:
- Ammonite: Described as appearing in only one layer (limited time) and in three columns (multiple areas). This makes it a good candidate for an index fossil.
- Gastropod: Appears in multiple layers (long period of time) which is not ideal for an index fossil.
- Trilobite: Appears in only one layer (limited time) but in only one column (single area), which does not meet the geographic distribution criterion.
- Fern: Appears in multiple layers (long period of time), which again is not suitable as an index fossil.
The best answer is: Ammonite because it appears in only 1 layer (limited time) but in 3 columns (multiple areas).