Which of the following can be used to investigate the reason the assassination of Archdale Franz Ferdinand sparked world War 1

To investigate the reasons why the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked World War I, the most relevant option from your list would be:

B. The collapse of the alliance system.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of events due largely to the complex web of alliances that existed between various countries at the time. When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in response to the assassination, it activated a chain reaction through these alliances, ultimately leading to a large-scale conflict involving many nations.

While the other options may provide some context, they are not as directly relevant to understanding the immediate causes of the war in relation to the assassination.