The suffrage granted to Black men in the United States was primarily achieved through a constitutional amendment. The key amendment was the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, which stated that the right to vote could not be denied based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
However, even after the 15th Amendment was ratified, many Black men continued to face significant barriers to voting, such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and other discriminatory practices. It wasn’t until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that many of these impediments were addressed, enforcing the voting rights guaranteed by the 14th and 15th Amendments and prohibiting racial discrimination in voting.
So, while the 15th Amendment was the formal constitutional amendment that granted Black men the right to vote, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was crucial in enforcing and protecting that right.
In summary, both the 15th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 played significant roles in the history of Black men's suffrage in the U.S.