The authors of Passage 1 and Passage 2 disagree on:
C. the effectiveness of required participation
In Passage 1, the author suggests that required participation in trash reduction programs is effective in achieving goals, while Passage 2 implies that voluntary participation (like sharing food on share tables) may also be successful, but does not argue for a mandatory approach. This indicates a difference in the perspective on the effectiveness of mandated participation in reducing waste.