6

Question

1) INTRODUCTION 
This module focuses on the rules on the organization, functioning, and jurisdiction of 
courts, as the rules on criminal and civil procedures are dealt with in other respective modules. 
The judicial organization refers to all legal provisions that determine the structure of 
ordinary and specialized courts and establish the status of judges who compose them and 
other judicial staff as well as the auxiliaries of justice. The courts functioning as for it refers to 
the various tasks performed by courts in their day-to-day running. The rules on the 
functioning of courts determine how the bodies of justice perform their daily tasks and the 
respective responsibilities of judges and other court staff. 
 As for the jurisdiction of courts, this is a set of rules that define the powers of each court 
and specify the category of cases that each court or tribunal handles. The purpose of these rules 
is two twofold: on the one hand, based on the nature and the importance of the case, they 
determine the level and the nature of the court to try the matter in hand, and in that case, they 
refer to the “Jurisdiction related to the subject matter" or" jurisdiction ratione materiae." On 
the other hand, these rules enable the citizens to choose among the Rwandan courts of the same 
level and nature the competent one to try the case. In this case, they refer to the "territorial 
jurisdiction" or "jurisdiction ratione loci."We can add the jurisdiction based on the personality 
of the offender “jurisdiction ratione personae.” 
a) General Objectives of the course 
The main objective of this course is to clarify the principles underlying the judicial 
system, the judiciary itself, the jurisdiction of courts, and the organization of judicial institutions 
that work in close partnership with courts, such as the Public Prosecution Service and the 
Judicial Police (RIB). Further, this course explores legal texts regulating the organization, 
functioning, and jurisdiction of the courts in Rwanda by emphasizing their evolvement and 
reform since 2004. Tracing historic changes will help the readers be more accurate and more 
updated.  
2) THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND 
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN RWANDA 
a) The Historical Aspect of the Judiciary in Rwanda  
The history of the Judiciary has been divided into four periods, whose features are briefly 
described below:   translate in kinyarwanda

Bot GPT 4-o mini · Accepted Answer

6 1) INTANGIRIRO Uyu muhango ugaruka ku mategeko agenga imiterere, imikorere, n’ubushobozi bw’inkiko, mu gihe amategeko agenga uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibyaha n’ibyaha bitandukanye bibangikanye n’andi masomo. Imiterere y’inkiko isobanura amategeko yose agena imiterere y’inkiko zisanzwe n’izihariye, guhagararira umwanditsi (umucamanza) na bagenzi be ndetse n’abandi bakozi b’inkiko n’abafasha mu butabera. Imikorere y’inkiko igena imirimo itandukanye ikorwa n’inkiko mu mikorere yazo ya buri munsi. Amategeko agenga imikorere y’inkiko agena uko ibigo by’ubutabera bikora imirimo yazo ya buri munsi n’inshingano z’abacamanza n’abandi bakozi b’inkiko. Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’inkiko, aya ni amategeko agena imbaraga za buri nkiko agahamya ubwoko bw’ibibazo buri nkiko cyangwa urukiko rufataho ibyemezo. Intego y’aya mategeko ni ebyiri: ku rundi ruhande, hashingiwe ku bwoko n'akamaro k'ikibazo, agena urwego n'ubwoko bw'urukiko rugomba gukemura icyo kibazo, kandi muri icyo gihe, avuga ku “Bushobozi ku ngingo” cyangwa “ubushobozi bw’inkiko bw’icyiciro.” Ku rundi ruhande, aya mategeko afasha abaturage guhitamo hagati y’inkiko z’u Rwanda zifite urwego rumwe n’ubwoko bumwe, urukiko ruzakemura icyo kibazo. Muri icyo gihe, bavuga ku “bushobozi bw’ahantu” cyangwa “ubushobozi bw’inkiko bw’akarere.” Dushobora kongeraho ubushobozi bushingiye ku muntu ushinjwa “ubushobozi bw’inkiko bw’umuntu.” a) Intego rusange z’iyi ngingo Intego nyamukuru y’iyi ngingo ni ugusobanura amahame agenga sisitemu y’ubutabera, urukiko ubwaryo, ubushobozi bw’inkiko, n’imitunganyirize y’inzego z’ubutabera zikorana n’inkiko, nko ku rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB). Byongeye kandi, iyi ngingo irasesengura inyandiko z’amategeko agenga imiterere, imikorere, n’ubushobozi bw’inkiko mu Rwanda, ikibanda ku mvugo yabo kuva mu 2004. Gukurikira impinduka z’amateka bizafasha abasomyi kumenya neza no kugira ubumenyi bugezweho. 2) IMPINDURAMITEKANO N’AMATEKA Y’IMITEKEREREZE N’IMIKORERE Y’UBUTABERA MU RWANDA a) Igice cy’Amateka y’Ubucamanza mu Rwanda Amateka y’ubucamanza mu Rwanda yagabanyijwe mu gihe cy’ibyiciro bine, aho ibiranga muri ibi byiciro bigaragazwa mu buryo bugufi bukurikira: