1. Which of these calamities never happened to the Parthenon?

The calamity that never happened to the Parthenon is the 1550 Lutheran statue smashing. While the Parthenon has faced various disasters, such as a fire in the third century AD, the Byzantine decree in 435 AD, and the explosion caused by gunpowder in 1687, there are no historical records indicating that a Lutheran statue was smashed at the Parthenon during that time.

The Parthenon was a temple built to honor which ancient god?
Ares
Poseidon

Athena
Hermes

The Parthenon was a temple built to honor Athena, the goddess of wisdom and warfare, who was also the patron deity of the city of Athens.

What nationality altered the Parthenon's architecture?
Ottoman Turks
All Choices

Christians
Ancient Greeks

The correct answer is All Choices.

The architecture of the Parthenon was altered by various groups throughout its history, including:

• Ancient Greeks: The original structure was built by the Ancient Greeks as a temple dedicated to Athena.
• Christians: After the rise of Christianity, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church, which led to alterations in its interior and decoration.
• Ottoman Turks: Later, during the Ottoman period, the Parthenon was converted into a mosque, and further modifications were made.

So, all these nationalities and cultures influenced the architecture and function of the Parthenon over time.

What aspect of the Parthenon is disputed?
Rebuilding it using modern materials
The return of the Elgin Marbles to Britain

The return of the Elgin Marbles to Greece
Rebuilding it at all or leaving its destruction as a monument to the Ottoman war

The aspect of the Parthenon that is disputed is the return of the Elgin Marbles to Greece.

There has been significant debate over the ownership and cultural significance of the Elgin Marbles (also known as the Parthenon Marbles), which were removed from the Parthenon in the early 19th century by Lord Elgin and are currently housed in the British Museum. Greece has long sought their return, citing cultural heritage and historical claims. This issue remains a contentious topic between Greece and the United Kingdom.

While other options concerning rebuilding or preservation may also raise some discussion, the primary ongoing dispute is regarding the Elgin Marbles' return.

What King destroyed the 'Older Parthenon'?
Pericles
David

Xerxes
Theodosius II

The king who destroyed the 'Older Parthenon' was Xerxes.

Xerxes I was the Persian king who invaded Greece and is credited with the destruction of the original Parthenon, which was built in the 6th century BC, during his campaign against Athens in 480 BC. The current Parthenon, which we know today, was constructed afterward and completed under the leadership of Pericles.