The two statements that would work best as thesis statements for the essay are:
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The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was a conflict between the United States and Mexico that resulted in the U.S. acquisition of large parts of what is now the American Southwest. Evaluating the arguments for and against the war provides a nuanced understanding of its justifications and criticisms.
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The United States had valid reasons for going to war against Mexico in 1846.
Statement 2 is effective because it outlines the context of the war while also indicating that the essay will explore both sides of the argument, which is essential for a nuanced evaluation. Statement 1 presents a clear stance but lacks the acknowledgment of opposing arguments that a more comprehensive thesis should contain. Therefore, while both statements can serve a thesis function, statement 2 is the strongest option for the assignment's requirements.