1. How do humans control body temperature using ATP? (Hint: It's covered in a Lesson 11 video!)

Humans control body temperature using ATP: Humans maintain body temperature through a process called thermoregulation, which involves metabolic processes that utilize ATP. When body temperature rises or falls, various physiological responses are triggered to restore balance. For example, when the body gets too hot, ATP is used to fuel processes like sweating, which cools the body through evaporation. Conversely, when it becomes too cold, ATP is used to generate heat through shivering (muscle contractions) and other metabolic activities that increase heat production. This regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis.

Gram staining: Scientists use gram staining as a method to differentiate bacterial species into two groups based on the characteristics of their cell walls: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This staining technique helps in identifying the presence of certain types of bacteria, guiding antibiotic treatment, and providing insights into the microbial ecology of a given sample. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain during the process, appearing purple, while Gram-negative bacteria do not and appear pink after a counterstain is applied.

Cellular respiration in protists: Most protists utilize aerobic cellular respiration, similar to many eukaryotes, to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). However, some protists can also undergo anaerobic respiration or fermentation, especially in environments where oxygen levels are low. The type of respiration used can vary depending on the species of protist and the environmental conditions they face.