When compared to underground mining, why does surface mining have a larger impact on land ecosystems

Question

The land collapses after mining is completed
Large areas of land are completely cleared of vegetation and topsoil
It is more likely to contaminate area waterways
The overburden is less extensive

Answer 1

When compared to underground mining, surface mining has a larger impact on land ecosystems primarily because large areas of land are completely cleared of vegetation and topsoil. Surface mining involves removing layers of soil and rock (overburden) to access minerals close to the surface, which results in significant alterations to the landscape. This process not only destroys habitats but also disrupts the existing ecosystems.

While contamination of waterways can also be a consequence of surface mining, the most immediate and significant impact on land ecosystems is the large-scale removal of vegetation and topsoil, which directly affects the biodiversity and soil health in the area. The statement about land collapse is more relevant to underground mining, and the overburden in surface mining is generally extensive, not less.