To examine how the printing press and printed books influenced Europe, the best primary source would be a sixteenth-century document calling for the censorship of newly printed books. This document can provide insight into the societal reactions to the spread of printed materials, the impact of the printing press on culture, religion, and politics, and the conflicts that arose due to the distribution of new ideas.
While the other options may provide context or information about the era, the document on censorship directly relates to the influence and consequences of printed works during that time.