ead the passage and then answer the question.

In the passage, "bilinguals" refers to individuals who are capable of using and understanding two languages proficiently. These are people who have been exposed to and can communicate in two languages, as opposed to "monolinguals," who only know one language.

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Pablo Picasso is often considered one of the greatest and most influential artists of the twentieth century. As a young child, Picasso displayed an exceptional talent for drawing and painting. His extraordinary skill allowed him to enter Barcelona's prestigious School of Fine Arts when he was only fourteen years old—several years younger than the typical students at this well-regarded school. Although Picasso left Barcelona before graduating, the city still inspired him. His experiences there would lead him to break away from traditional ideas about art and create a new style that would change the world of art forever.
Picasso's rise to prominence began in 1907. While living in Paris, he produced a painting that featured five Barcelonian women represented by sharply contrasting geometric shapes. Instead of a realistic representation of the women, the painting presented an abstract scene showing the women's forms from multiple viewpoints at once. That the art world had never seen such a painting before only added to Picasso's growing popularity. This painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, would serve as the inspiration for the artistic movement that came to be known as Cubism.
What is the meaning of prominence as used in the passage?

In the passage, "prominence" refers to the state of being important, well-known, or influential in a particular field. Specifically, it describes Picasso's rise to fame and recognition as a significant and impactful artist within the art world.

Select the text from the paragraph that best helps you understand that prominence means the state of being well known. There may be more than one correct choice.

The phrase that best helps to understand that "prominence" means the state of being well known is:

1. "Picasso's rise to prominence began in 1907."
2. "This painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, would serve as the inspiration for the artistic movement that came to be known as Cubism."

Both phrases indicate that Picasso gained recognition and became a significant figure in the art world.

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At high latitudes, one might look into the night sky and see dazzling curtains of colorful light. This brilliant sight, known as an aurora, is the result of solar winds. Solar winds occur when the outer layers of the sun boil off due to the intense heat, emitting streams of magnetically charged particles into the surrounding space.
Some of these solar wind particles end up traveling in Earth's direction. If unimpeded, these particles would have deleterious effects on human health, increasing the risk of heart failure and other health problems. But Earth's magnetic poles—located near the geographic North and South Poles—create a magnetic field that protects the planet from the solar wind particles. Some of these particles, however, do manage to break free and end up colliding with oxygen and nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere. The collisions release energy, thus creating the aurora's stunning display.
What is the meaning of emitting as used in the passage?

In the passage, "emitting" means to release or send out. Specifically, it refers to the solar winds sending out streams of magnetically charged particles into the surrounding space.

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At high latitudes, one might look into the night sky and see dazzling curtains of colorful light. This brilliant sight, known as an aurora, is the result of solar winds. Solar winds occur when the outer layers of the sun boil off due to the intense heat, emitting streams of magnetically charged particles into the surrounding space.
Some of these solar wind particles end up traveling in Earth's direction. If unimpeded, these particles would have deleterious effects on human health, increasing the risk of heart failure and other health problems. But Earth's magnetic poles—located near the geographic North and South Poles—create a magnetic field that protects the planet from the solar wind particles. Some of these particles, however, do manage to break free and end up colliding with oxygen and nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere. The collisions release energy, thus creating the aurora's stunning display.
What is the meaning of deleterious as used in the passage?

In the passage, "deleterious" means harmful or damaging. It refers to the negative effects that solar wind particles can have on human health, such as increasing the risk of heart failure and other health problems.

Select the text from the paragraph that best helps you understand that deleterious means harmful. There may be more than one correct choice.

The text that best helps clarify that "deleterious" means harmful includes:

1. "If unimpeded, these particles would have deleterious effects on human health..."
2. "...increasing the risk of heart failure and other health problems."

Both of these phrases indicate that the effects of the solar wind particles are negative and can cause harm to human health.

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Construction on Florence's grand cathedral began in 1296. Over a hundred years later, however, the structure remained unfinished, with an enormous hole in the roof. The designers had intended to top the cathedral with the world's largest dome, but this plan was stymied by architectural limitations. The main factor stalling progress was the fact that no one knew how to create such a massive cupola without large, cumbersome support systems.
In 1418, tired of the gaping hole above the altar, Florentine priests solicited the general public for solutions to the dome problem. A number of leading architects submitted ideas, but the chosen design came from a goldsmith named Filippo Brunelleschi. He suggested building not one but two domes, bound together with rings of metal to counteract outward pressure. The now-famous dome was ultimately completed in 1436. Today it remains one of the most impressive structures in the world.
What is the meaning of cupola as used in the passage?

In the passage, "cupola" refers to a dome-like structure that serves as a roof or covering for a building. Specifically, it describes the intended design of the large dome for Florence's cathedral.

Select the text from the paragraph that best helps you understand that cupola means dome. There may be more than one correct choice.

The text that best helps clarify that "cupola" means dome includes:

1. "The designers had intended to top the cathedral with the world's largest dome..."
2. "...the chosen design came from a goldsmith named Filippo Brunelleschi. He suggested building not one but two domes..."

Both of these phrases reference the concept of a dome in relation to the cathedral, helping to establish the meaning of "cupola."

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Construction on Florence's grand cathedral began in 1296. Over a hundred years later, however, the structure remained unfinished, with an enormous hole in the roof. The designers had intended to top the cathedral with the world's largest dome, but this plan was stymied by architectural limitations. The main factor stalling progress was the fact that no one knew how to create such a massive cupola without large, cumbersome support systems.
In 1418, tired of the gaping hole above the altar, Florentine priests solicited the general public for solutions to the dome problem. A number of leading architects submitted ideas, but the chosen design came from a goldsmith named Filippo Brunelleschi. He suggested building not one but two domes, bound together with rings of metal to counteract outward pressure. The now-famous dome was ultimately completed in 1436. Today it remains one of the most impressive structures in the world.
What is the meaning of solicited as used in the passage?

In the passage, "solicited" means to request or seek help, opinions, or ideas from others. Specifically, it refers to the Florentine priests asking the general public for solutions to the problem of how to construct the cathedral's dome.

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The saxophone has been around for about 170 years. While other instruments, such as drums, guitars, and flutes, have existed for thousands of years, the saxophone is a relative newcomer to the world of music. It was invented in the 1840s by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian musician and instrument maker, to address a disparity in tone across sections of the orchestra. Sax had noted that brass instruments frequently overpowered the woodwinds, creating an unevenness in sound and tone.
Sax's solution was to create an instrument that would integrate aspects of the two orchestral sections. Namely, his new instrument, the saxophone, joined a brass-like body with a woodwind-like mouthpiece. It was suitable for both orchestras and military bands, making it a versatile choice for musicians and composers. The saxophone has grown in popularity over time and is now played around the world.
What is the meaning of relative as used in the passage?

In the passage, "relative" means in comparison to something else or in relation to one another. Specifically, it describes the saxophone as a newcomer to the world of music when compared to other instruments like drums, guitars, and flutes, which have a much longer history.

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The saxophone has been around for about 170 years. While other instruments, such as drums, guitars, and flutes, have existed for thousands of years, the saxophone is a relative newcomer to the world of music. It was invented in the 1840s by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian musician and instrument maker, to address a disparity in tone across sections of the orchestra. Sax had noted that brass instruments frequently overpowered the woodwinds, creating an unevenness in sound and tone.
Sax's solution was to create an instrument that would integrate aspects of the two orchestral sections. Namely, his new instrument, the saxophone, joined a brass-like body with a woodwind-like mouthpiece. It was suitable for both orchestras and military bands, making it a versatile choice for musicians and composers. The saxophone has grown in popularity over time and is now played around the world.
What is the meaning of disparity as used in the passage?

In the passage, "disparity" refers to a noticeable difference or imbalance between two or more things. Specifically, it describes the unevenness in tone and sound between the brass instruments and the woodwinds in the orchestra, highlighting how one section may overpower the other.

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To define and trace the history of every single word in the English language—that was the ambitious goal of the Philological Society of London in 1857 when they set out to create what would eventually become the Oxford English Dictionary. In order to make the process of gathering information more efficient, the lead editor, James Murray, used crowdsourcing. He asked, through advertisements and word of mouth, that volunteers around the English-speaking world send in definitions and documented uses of words. Millions of submissions were received.
The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1928, more than fifty years after the project was initially announced. The ten-volume edition covered more than four hundred thousand words and phrases, making it the most comprehensive dictionary of its time. Because language constantly evolves, supplements have been added over the years to account for new words or changing meanings; in March 2014, for example, the words bestie and beat boxer were added.
What is the meaning of crowdsourcing as used in the passage?

In the passage, "crowdsourcing" refers to the practice of obtaining information, ideas, or services from a large group of people, typically from the general public, often via the internet or other public platforms. In this context, it describes how the lead editor, James Murray, solicited definitions and documented uses of words from volunteers around the English-speaking world to make the process of gathering information for the dictionary more efficient.

Select the text from the paragraph that best helps you understand that crowdsourcing means calling upon the services of many people. There may be more than one correct choice.

The text from the passage that best helps to understand that "crowdsourcing" means calling upon the services of many people includes:

1. "he asked, through advertisements and word of mouth, that volunteers around the English-speaking world send in definitions and documented uses of words."
2. "Millions of submissions were received."

Both of these excerpts indicate that many people were solicited to contribute their knowledge and services in gathering information for the dictionary.

Select the text from the paragraph that best helps you understand that evolves means changes. There may be more than one correct choice.

The text from the passage that best helps to understand that "evolves" means changes includes:

1. "Because language constantly evolves..."
2. "...to account for new words or changing meanings."

Both phrases indicate that language undergoes changes over time, which clarifies the meaning of "evolves" in this context.

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Do human beings have the freedom to make their own choices, to act out of their own free will, or are all choices, in some sense, predetermined by prior causes and physical laws? In 2007, neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes sought to answer this question by conducting an experiment: volunteer subjects were seated in a brain scanner and were asked to press a button with their left or right index fingers whenever they felt the urge. Haynes's team scrutinized the subjects' brain activity in real time, carefully monitoring the results and searching for patterns.
The results were surprising. The team discovered that they could observe a pattern of brain activity that would allow them to predict a subject's decision to press a button up to seven seconds before the subject actually reported making his or her decision. This prediction process was accurate sixty percent of the time.
While some scientists have discounted this study for relying on an oversimplified decision-making process, these results have given other scientists hope. Perhaps, in the future, scientists will be able to accurately predict the results of even more complicated decision-making processes. In the meantime, the question looms: if our choices can be predicted before we even make them, then do we really have the freedom to choose?
What is the meaning of predetermined as used in the passage?

In the passage, "predetermined" means that decisions or outcomes are established or decided in advance by prior causes or factors, rather than being made freely or spontaneously. It suggests that choices may be influenced or determined by earlier conditions, physical laws, or patterns, rather than being purely the result of individual free will.