Simple definition of pasteurization and sterilization?

Pasteurization is a process that involves heating food or liquid to a specific temperature for a set period of time to kill harmful microbes without significantly altering the taste or nutritional value. It is commonly used for products like milk and juice.

Sterilization is a more intense process that eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, often through methods such as autoclaving (using high-pressure steam) or chemical treatments. This process is used for medical instruments and canned foods to ensure they are free from any microorganisms.