How are the governments in Brazil and the United States similar?

The similarities between the governments in Brazil and the United States from the options you provided are:

1. A president heads the executive branch: Both Brazil and the United States have a presidential system of government where the president serves as the head of state and government.

2. Each political party selects a presidential candidate before the election: Both countries have political parties that nominate candidates for the presidency through primary elections or conventions.

The other two statements:

• Voting is required by law: This is true in Brazil, where voting is compulsory, but it is not a requirement in the United States.
• The judicial branch appoints members to the legislature: This is not accurate for either country; in both Brazil and the United States, the legislative branch is elected by the citizens, not appointed by the judiciary.

So, the correct similarities are the first two options.

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If I can only pick one similarity, I would choose:

A president heads the executive branch.

This is a fundamental similarity between both governments.

How do Spanish South America’s governments compare with that of the United States?

They have presidential systems, unlike the United States.

They are mostly democracies like the United States.

They have parliamentary systems, unlike the United States.

They do not have national legislatures like the U.S. Congress.

The appropriate comparison between the governments of Spanish South America and that of the United States from the options you provided is:

They are mostly democracies like the United States.

Most countries in Spanish South America operate as democracies, with regular elections and a focus on representative government. While there are variations in the specific structures of government and systems (some have presidential systems, and a few may have parliamentary systems), the overarching similarity is that both are predominantly democratic in nature.

The other statements can be clarified as follows:

• They have presidential systems, unlike the United States: This is inaccurate since many countries in Spanish South America also have presidential systems, similar to the U.S.
• They have parliamentary systems, unlike the United States: This is also somewhat misleading, as many countries in Spanish South America operate under presidential systems, not parliamentary ones.
• They do not have national legislatures like the U.S. Congress: This is incorrect, as most Spanish South American countries do have national legislatures.