Electoral votes are the votes cast by members of the Electoral College in the United States, which is the body responsible for formally electing the President and Vice President. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and a candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes to win the presidency.
Here’s how the electoral voting process works:
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Allocation of Electors: Each state is allocated a number of electors based on its representation in Congress, which equals the total number of its Senators (always 2) plus its Representatives in the House (which can vary based on the state's population). The District of Columbia also has three electors.
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Election Day: On Election Day, which occurs on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, voters in each state cast their ballots for president. However, they are technically voting for a slate of electors pledged to vote for their chosen candidate.
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Electoral College Meeting: In December, the appointed electors from each state meet in their respective state capitals to officially cast their votes for president and vice president.
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Certification: The electoral votes are then certified and sent to the President of the Senate, where they are counted in a joint session of Congress in January.
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Contingency: If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the election is decided by the House of Representatives, with each state delegation casting one vote for one of the top three candidates.
The Electoral College is a unique feature of the U.S. electoral system and can lead to scenarios where a candidate wins the presidency without winning the overall popular vote, as the distribution of electoral votes can favor candidates based on state representation.