The correct comparison of how Medicare taxes are paid by employees versus self-employed individuals is:
Employees pay half (1.45%) of the Medicare tax while the employer pays the other half. Self-employed individuals pay for both halves of the tax (2.9%).
To elaborate, employees have a Medicare tax rate of 1.45% withheld from their paychecks, and their employer matches that with another 1.45%. In contrast, self-employed individuals must pay the entire 2.9% Medicare tax themselves, as they do not have an employer to share the cost.