How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds?

The correct distinction between ionic and covalent bonds is:

• Electrons are shared in a covalent bond.
• Electrons are transferred in an ionic bond.

In a covalent bond, atoms share pairs of electrons, which allows them to achieve a full outer shell of electrons and attain stability. In contrast, in an ionic bond, one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions that are held together by electrostatic forces.

Thus, none of the statements you provided accurately describe ionic bonds as they are incorrectly attributing electron or proton behavior.

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