To analyze the consequences of the removal of Article X from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it’s essential to understand what Article X entailed. Article X provided protections for the property rights of Mexicans living in the territories ceded to the United States after the Mexican-American War. Its removal during the treaty negotiations had significant implications for land ownership.
Based on this context, the best prediction of what could have happened if Article X had not been removed would be:
Mexicans living in Texas would have been able to keep their land.
This is because Article X was intended to safeguard the property rights of Mexican citizens, and its retention could have provided more robust legal frameworks for them to maintain their land in the face of encroachment by Anglo settlers and other groups. While the other choices pertain to various groups, the direct impact of Article X primarily focused on Mexicans and their rights to the land that they occupied prior to the treaty.