The true statement regarding the taxonomic system is:
The current taxonomic system is based on the Linnaean classification system.
The Linnaean classification system, developed by Carl Linnaeus, serves as the foundation for modern taxonomy, which organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics. The other statements are not true; not all species (current or extinct) have been cataloged, and Charles Darwin contributed to the understanding of evolution but was not the primary creator of the taxonomic system.