By the end of the Shang dynasty, the Chinese had developed a form of writing in which each character represented a

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By the end of the Shang dynasty, the Chinese had developed a form of writing in which each character represented a morpheme, which is the smallest meaningful unit of language. This writing system used logograms, where each character corresponds to a word or a concept rather than sounds. This early form of Chinese writing, found on oracle bones, laid the foundation for the modern Chinese writing system.