In New Oxford English by Ayo Banjo, Ben Elugbe, Uzoma Onaga, Ayo Akano

To answer your questions:

1. Immediate Causes of Malnutrition: While I don't have access to the text from "New Oxford English" by Ayo Banjo and others, the immediate causes of malnutrition often include inadequate food intake, poor dietary quality, and lack of access to essential nutrients. This may stem from factors such as poverty, food insecurity, and education levels about nutrition.

2. Vulnerability of Pregnant and Nursing Women: Pregnant and nursing women are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition because their bodies require additional nutrients to support the developing fetus and produce milk. Insufficient dietary intake during these critical periods can lead to deficiencies that affect both the mother and child.

3. Child's Problems Before Birth: A child's problems can begin before birth if the mother is malnourished during pregnancy, which can affect fetal development. This can lead to low birth weight, developmental delays, and increased risk of health issues later in life.

4. Long-term Results of Malnutrition: Long-term results of malnutrition may include stunted growth, cognitive impairments, weakened immune systems, and increased susceptibility to illness. Malnutrition can have lasting effects on an individual's overall health and development.

5. Grammatical Name and Function: The expression "who survive Malnutrition" is a relative clause. It functions to provide additional information about a noun (presumably referring to people) and specifies that these individuals have endured and come through malnutrition.

6. Figure of Speech: The phrase "the scourge of Malnutrition" is an example of metaphor. By referring to malnutrition as a scourge, it emphasizes the destructive and widespread negative impact of malnutrition on individuals and society.

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