describe the emergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their respective roles in the evolution of life on earth. briefly explain them in one paragraph

Prokaryotes, which emerged around 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, are the earliest and simplest life forms, characterized by their lack of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; they include bacteria and archaea. Their roles in early Earth were crucial, as they were the first organisms to perform photosynthesis, which significantly increased atmospheric oxygen and paved the way for more complex life. Eukaryotes, appearing approximately 1.6 to 2.1 billion years ago, evolved from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells, marked by the development of a nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. This cellular complexity allowed for greater metabolic diversity and the eventual evolution of multicellular organisms, leading to the rich tapestry of life we see today. Together, prokaryotes and eukaryotes have played vital roles in shaping ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and the evolutionary trajectory of life on Earth.