Let $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ be functions. Find $c$ if

(f \circ g)(x) = (g \circ f)(x)
for all $x$, where $f(x) = 3x - 4$ and $g(x) = 5x + c$.

1 answer

To find the value of \( c \) such that \( (f \circ g)(x) = (g \circ f)(x) \) for all \( x \), we first need to compute each composition separately.

Starting with \( f(x) = 3x - 4 \) and \( g(x) = 5x + c \):

  1. Calculate \( (f \circ g)(x) \): \[ (f \circ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(5x + c) \] Substitute \( 5x + c \) into \( f \): \[ f(5x + c) = 3(5x + c) - 4 = 15x + 3c - 4 \]

  2. Calculate \( (g \circ f)(x) \): \[ (g \circ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(3x - 4) \] Substitute \( 3x - 4 \) into \( g \): \[ g(3x - 4) = 5(3x - 4) + c = 15x - 20 + c = 15x + (c - 20) \]

  3. Set \( (f \circ g)(x) = (g \circ f)(x) \): We now equate the two expressions: \[ 15x + 3c - 4 = 15x + (c - 20) \]

    We can eliminate \( 15x \) from both sides: \[ 3c - 4 = c - 20 \]

  4. Solve for \( c \): Rearranging, we have: \[ 3c - c = -20 + 4 \] Simplifying gives: \[ 2c = -16 \] Dividing both sides by 2: \[ c = -8 \]

Thus, the value of \( c \) is \(\boxed{-8}\).