The 45th Infantry Division, known as the "Thunderbird Division," played a significant role in World War II. Formed in 1917, this division was composed primarily of troops from Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. During World War II, it was activated for federal service and became a key fighting force in several major campaigns.
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North Africa and Sicily: The division first saw combat in the North African campaign, specifically in the battle for Tunisia. After successfully participating in operations in North Africa, the 45th Infantry Division moved to Sicily in 1943, where it played a critical role in the invasion of the island. Their efforts were crucial in securing strategic positions, which helped facilitate the Allied invasion of Italy.
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Italian Campaign: Following the capture of Sicily, the division continued its service in the Italian Campaign. It fought in several significant battles, including the landings at Salerno and the fierce fighting at the Volturno River and Cassino. The division demonstrated resilience and tactical skill in face of tough German defensive positions.
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Liberation of Concentration Camps: One of the most significant events involving the 45th Infantry Division was its role in the liberation of concentration camps in Europe. In April 1945, elements of the division entered the Dachau concentration camp, where they were confronted with the horrific conditions and the brutal realities of the Holocaust. This experience left a lasting impact on the soldiers and highlighted the division's important role in uncovering war crimes.
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Postwar Impact: After the war in Europe ended, the 45th Infantry Division was involved in the occupation of Germany. The division was then deactivated in 1946. Over the course of the war, it earned numerous accolades, including several campaign streamers for its distinguished service across various theaters of operations.
The legacy of the 45th Infantry Division is remembered for its bravery, leadership in combat, and the significant humanitarian impact witnessed during the liberation of concentration camps, showcasing the complexities and moral dilemmas faced by soldiers during wartime.
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