Ancient Egyptian society was led by a ruler known as the pharaoh, who was considered both a political and religious leader. The pharaoh was viewed as a divine figure, a god on earth, and was responsible for maintaining ma'at, or cosmic order and harmony. The pharaoh's authority was supported by a complex hierarchy of officials, priests, and governors, who helped administer the kingdom and carry out the pharaoh's decrees.
In addition to the pharaoh, the vizier was a key figure in Egyptian administration, acting as the pharaoh's chief advisor and overseer of the state's affairs. Priests held significant power as well, managing the temples and rituals associated with the gods, which also reinforced the pharaoh's divine status.
Over time, the structure of leadership evolved, but the pharaoh remained central to Egyptian society throughout most of its history.