Question

Conduction and convection transfer must pass through _________

Answer 1

Conduction and convection transfer must pass through a medium.

- **Conduction** occurs in solids where heat is transferred through direct contact of particles. The thermal energy is conducted through the material without the movement of the material itself.

- **Convection** occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) where heat is transferred by the movement of the fluid itself. This involves the bulk movement of the fluid, carrying thermal energy with it.

In both cases, the medium is essential for the transfer of heat.