Give at least 3 defining features of ferns

Defining Features of Ferns:

1. Vascular Plants: Ferns are vascular plants that possess specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for water and nutrient transport, allowing them to grow larger and in a variety of habitats compared to non-vascular plants like mosses.

2. Reproductive Structures: Ferns reproduce through spores rather than seeds. They produce sporangia, often located on the undersides of their leaves (fronds), which release spores that can develop into a gametophyte stage in moist environments.

3. Fronds: The leaves of ferns, known as fronds, are typically compound, meaning they are divided into smaller leaflets called pinnae. Fronds often have a characteristic coiling (circinate vernation) when they first emerge.

Species of Fern:

• Scientific Name: Pteridium aquilinum
• Common Name: Bracken Fern

Habitat:

The Bracken Fern is commonly found in a wide range of environments, including temperate and tropical regions. It typically thrives in disturbed areas, grasslands, forests, and along roadsides, often forming dense stands in open or semi-shaded areas.