"The subject to be regulated is commerce, and . . . it becomes necessary to settle the meaning of the word. The counsel for the appellee [party appealing to a higher court] would limit it to traffic, to buying and selling, or the interchange of commodities, and do not admit that it comprehends [includes] navigation. . . . All America understands, and has uniformly understood, the word "commerce" to comprehend navigation. It was so understood, and must have been so understood, when the Constitution was framed. . . . The word ‘among’ means intermingled with. A thing which is among others is intermingled with them. Commerce among the States cannot stop at the external boundary line of each State, but may be introduced into the interior.” —Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the court, Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Question

use the excerpt to answer the question

match each of the quotes from john marshall's opinion to its correct paraphrase

one of the options will not be used

"the subject to be regulated is commerce, and ... it becomes necessary to settle the meaning of the word. the counsel for the appellee would limit it to traffic, to buying and selling, or the interchange of commodities, and do not admit that is comprehends navigation."

"All american understands, and has uniformly understood, the word "commerce" to comprehend navigation. it was so understood and must have been so understoof, when the constitution was framed."

"the word 'among' means intermingled with. a thing which is among others is intermingled with them. commerce among the states cannot stop at the external boundary line of each state, but may be introduced into the interior

answers:

commerce 'among' the states means that multiple states are involved. it isnt possible to have trade between the states without crossing the boundaries of those states

the whole country knows that 'commerce' includes moving things from place to place. the constitution writers understood this too

different people are going to have different definitions of words, so we should agree to disagree on those definitions

we need to define the word 'commerce' this lawyer is trying to claim that 'commerce' only means buying and selling things, and not moving them from place to place.

part 2
which of the following best summarizes this excerpt from john marshall's opinion?

the most important area involving commerce is in securing the national economy

the transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce

the definition of commerce is differently interpreted by each state

the buying and selling of goods across state borders ought to fall under stricter laws

Answer 1

Match each quote from John Marshall's opinion to its correct paraphrase:

1. Quote: "the subject to be regulated is commerce, and ... it becomes necessary to settle the meaning of the word. the counsel for the appellee would limit it to traffic, to buying and selling, or the interchange of commodities, and do not admit that it comprehends navigation."

   • Paraphrase: we need to define the word 'commerce' this lawyer is trying to claim that 'commerce' only means buying and selling things, and not moving them from place to place.

2. Quote: "All America understands, and has uniformly understood, the word 'commerce' to comprehend navigation. it was so understood and must have been so understood, when the constitution was framed."

   • Paraphrase: the whole country knows that 'commerce' includes moving things from place to place. the constitution writers understood this too.

3. Quote: "the word 'among' means intermingled with. a thing which is among others is intermingled with them. commerce among the states cannot stop at the external boundary line of each state, but may be introduced into the interior."

   • Paraphrase: commerce 'among' the states means that multiple states are involved. it isn't possible to have trade between the states without crossing the boundaries of those states.

Unused Option: different people are going to have different definitions of words, so we should agree to disagree on those definitions.

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Part 2: Which of the following best summarizes this excerpt from John Marshall's opinion?

• Best Summary: the transportation and navigation of goods is part of the constitutional definition of commerce.

Answer 2

how did the first seminole war influence u.s acquisition of florida?

the british government pressured spain to give up control of the territory

spain realized that the expense and trouble of maintaining florida outweighed its usefulness and agreed to sell it

seminole attacks on spanish settlements made it difficult for spain to govern native americans

american attacks on spanish soliders gave the united states control over major cities in the territory

Answer 3

The correct statement regarding how the First Seminole War influenced U.S. acquisition of Florida is:

Spain realized that the expense and trouble of maintaining Florida outweighed its usefulness and agreed to sell it.

The conflict highlighted the difficulties Spain faced in governing and maintaining control over Florida, particularly in dealing with the Seminole Indians and the encroaching U.S. presence. This led to negotiations that ultimately resulted in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, through which Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

Answer 4

The Alien and Sedition Acts In 1798, Federalists in Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. President Adams signed them into law. The word alien described people from other countries who were living in the United States but who were not U.S. citizens. Sedition is behavior that encourages people to be disloyal to the government. The Alien and Sedition Acts were meant to address the belief that France was becoming an enemy of the United States. Federalists also hoped that the Alien and Sedition Acts could help them control the speech and actions of Democratic-Republicans.

the text below is adapted from the alien and sedition acts match each passage from the alien and sedition acts with its meaning

"It shall be lawful for the president to order any aliens that he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, or that he has reason to suspect are involved in any [acts of treason] or secret plots against the government, to leave the United States."

"When the United States is at war, all natives, citizens, residents, or subjects of the enemy nation, who shall be within the United States, and not currently citizens, can be arrested, [put in prison], and sent out of the country as alien enemies."

"If any person shall write, print, speak, or publish false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government, or the Congress, or the president, with the purpose of damaging their reputation, then that person can be put in prison."

answers:

the president can force foreigners to leave the country if they are suspected of being dangerous or working against the government

it is illegal for people to write or say critical and untrue things about the government, the president, or members of congress

the government can imprison or deport people from countries the united states is at war with if those people are not citizens of the united states

Answer 5

Here’s how each passage from the Alien and Sedition Acts matches with its meaning:

1. Passage: "It shall be lawful for the president to order any aliens that he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, or that he has reason to suspect are involved in any [acts of treason] or secret plots against the government, to leave the United States."

   • Meaning: the president can force foreigners to leave the country if they are suspected of being dangerous or working against the government.

2. Passage: "When the United States is at war, all natives, citizens, residents, or subjects of the enemy nation, who shall be within the United States, and not currently citizens, can be arrested, [put in prison], and sent out of the country as alien enemies."

   • Meaning: the government can imprison or deport people from countries the United States is at war with if those people are not citizens of the United States.

3. Passage: "If any person shall write, print, speak, or publish false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government, or the Congress, or the president, with the purpose of damaging their reputation, then that person can be put in prison."

   • Meaning: it is illegal for people to write or say critical and untrue things about the government, the president, or members of Congress.