Question

Describe using scientific terms how plants turn sunlight into energy (simplified)

Answer 1

Plants convert sunlight into energy through a process called photosynthesis, which primarily occurs in their leaves. Here's a simplified breakdown using scientific terms:

1. **Chlorophyll**: This is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. It absorbs light energy, primarily from the blue and red wavelengths of sunlight.

2. **Light-dependent Reactions**: When sunlight hits the chlorophyll, it excites electrons, initiating a series of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. This process produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are energy carriers.

3. **Water Splitting**: During the light-dependent reactions, water molecules (H₂O) are split in a process known as photolysis, releasing oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct.

4. **Calvin Cycle**: In the next phase, called the light-independent reactions or Calvin Cycle, the ATP and NADPH produced are used to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), a simple sugar that serves as energy storage for the plant.

5. **Energy Storage**: The glucose can be used immediately for energy or converted into starch for long-term energy storage, enabling the plant to grow and develop.

In summary, through photosynthesis, plants harness sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen, effectively transforming solar energy into a chemical form that can be utilized for growth and energy.