The theme of the play that is developed by the details in this passage is: Vanity can lead to others taking advantage of you.
Monsieur Jourdain is depicted as a character eager to be considered part of the aristocracy, and he readily pays his tutors not necessarily for meaningful education but for their praise and flattery. This suggests that his vanity and desire for social status make him susceptible to being taken advantage of by those who provide him with empty praise rather than substantive learning.