The Treaty of Paris of 1783 significantly impacted the course of the Revolutionary War by formally recognizing the independence of the United States and establishing its boundaries. This treaty marked a definitive end to hostilities between Britain and the newly formed American nation, which galvanized support for the revolutionary cause among colonists and served as a signal of American victory. By granting the United States territory stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, the treaty expanded opportunities for settlement and economic growth, further unifying the formerly disparate colonies. However, the terms also posed challenges, as the newly acquired lands raised questions about governance and the rights of Native American tribes. Immediately following the treaty, the focus shifted to nation-building and the establishment of a stable government, leading to debates over the Articles of Confederation and paving the way for the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Proclamation of 1763
At the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, France surrendered Canada and much of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys-two-thirds of eastern North America to England. The Proclamation of 1763 "preserved to the said Indians" the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and ordered White settlers "there forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements," forbade White settlement, and restricted commerce with the American Indians to traders licensed by the British government, requiring settlers to "take out a License for carrying on such Trade from the Governor of
Commander in Chief of any of Our Colonies respectively." Power over westward expansion was in the hands of British officials, outside the colonists' control. By preventing the colonial population from moving intand the British ministry hoped to avoid costly wars, protect the western fur trade, and keep western land speculation under the control of the crown. To onforce the proclamation, Britain authorized positioning 10,000 troops along the frontier, with the costs of 250,000 pounds sterling per year to be paid by the colonists. The Americans, who looked at the new land as an opportunity for settlement without the interference of the British government, resented the terms of the proclamation.
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